![]() I should remind readers of the five cardinal virtues of Confucianism which we have covered before. It means being equipped with excellent qualities as a human being. The idea of "de" (徳, excellence) is the ideal image, the best a person can be. * Precise translations of these terms are often difficult, but徳 (excellence) generally means to do one's best for others, while仁 (benevolence) can also mean being authoritative or consideration of others. ![]() The benevolent person (ren 仁) is certain to be courageous, but someone who is courageous is not necessarily benevolent." The Master said, "The person of excellence (de 徳) is certain to have something to say, but someone who has something to say is not necessarily an excellent person. ![]() (This is the second article of a series in which Noriko Takigami (Research Institute for Creating New Paradigms based on Eastern and Western Wisdom) will share personal observations from her ongoing study of the Analects of Confucius.) ![]()
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